| Barington Capital | Bulldog Investors | Chapman Capital |
| Breeden Capital | Pershing Square Capital | Costa Brava |
| Carl Icahn | Ramius Capital | Dalton Investments (Japan) |
| Clinton Group | Relational Investors | Eliott Associates |
| Crescendo Partners | Riley Investment Management | Mario Gabelli (Gamco)
|
| Discovery Equity Partners | RLR Capital | Knightspoint |
| Firebrand Capital | SAC Capital | Liberation Investment Group
|
| Greenlight Capital | Sandell Asset Management | Lion Fund |
| Harbinger Capital | Shamrock Activist Value Fund | MFP Investors |
| IronFire Capital | Steel Partners | Monarch Activist Fund |
| Jana Partners | Steel Partners Japan | Nierenberg Investment Management |
| Lawndale Capital | Sun Capital | Owl Creek |
| Locksmith Capital | TCI (The Children's Investment Fund) | Pirate Capital |
| Loeb Arbitrage | Third Point | Strategic Turnaround Partners |
| MMI Investments | Trian Fund Management
| Wintergreen Advisers |
| Newcastle Capital | ValueAct Capital | Wynnefield Capital Management |
| Obrem Capital | Wattles Capital |
|
| Oliver Press Partners | Cannell Capital |
|